Introduction to the Staging of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer (LC) starts as a small group of malignantthan 3 centimeters; 2B refers to those that are
cells that can spread from your lungs to other areaslarger. Because the cancerous cells are still localized,
of your body. After the condition has beensurgery is used to remove the diseased tissue. If the
conclusively diagnosed, it is defined by a stage. Thetumor is located in an area of the lung that makes it
stage of the disease dictates the form of treatmentdifficult to treat with surgery, an oncologist will
and therapy needed to eliminate the cancerous cells.recommend radiation therapy.
Staging is also helpful for forecasting the chances ofStage 3A And 3B
survival.In stage 3A, the tumor has spread outside the lung
In this article, we'll provide a summary of lung cancerto the lymph nodes in the tracheal area. Most have
staging. You'll learn the extent to which thealso grown in size. At this point, the patient's
cancerous cells metastasize as the diseasesymptoms might include persistent infections such as
progresses.bronchitis as well as chest pain, breathing difficulties,
Stage 0and coughing up blood.
This stage is also called carcinoma in situ. A tumorNearly 10% of patients who are diagnosed with
exists, but has not spread past the inner lining of thenon-small cell lung cancer are at stage 3A.
lung. The survival rate is extremely high if the diseaseUnfortunately, the survival rate drops sharply for
can be identified and treated while in this early stage.these patients. While surgery is performed, it is rarely
Sadly, LC is rarely detected this early. Treatment issufficient for eliminating the cancerous cells.
almost always done through surgery since theChemotherapy is usually required.
diseased cells are localized.Stage 3B defines lung cancer that has spread
Stage 1throughout the chest. It can be treated, but is rarely
The disease is still contained within the lung and hascurable. Nearly 20% of patients are diagnosed with
not yet metastasized to the patient's lymph nodes.LC at this stage. Chronic fatigue, swallowing
Stage 1 is further categorized into stages 1A and 1B.difficulties, and weight loss are common.
The former refers to tumors that are smaller than 3Because the disease is inoperable by stage 3B,
centimeters. The latter refers to those that aretreatment comes in the form of chemotherapy and
larger.radiation therapy. Patients can also elect to volunteer
It is estimated that approximately 30% of non-smallfor clinical trials.
cell LC cases are diagnosed while in this stage orStage 4
stage 2. Surgery is still the preferred treatmentThis stage is the most advanced with the tumor
option and is often performed through a minimallyhaving spread to other parts of the body. Lung
invasive technique involving video-assistedcancer at this point is incurable, even with aggressive
thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). There are occasionschemotherapy. For this reason, many patients opt to
when stage 1 lung cancer is inoperable. In such cases,undergo clinical trials to improve their chances of
radiation therapy is used to manage the symptomssurvival and prolong their life. The survival rate among
and slow the cancer's growth.patients with this stage of the disease drops to 10%.
Stage 2The staging above clarifies why it is so important to
By this point, the disease has usually spread into thediagnose and begin treating lung cancer as early as
patient's lymph nodes within the main bronchus. Thispossible. By the time the disease has reached stage
stage is categorized into stages 2A and 2B. As3B, surgery, including minimally invasive VATS
before, the size of the tumor dictates thelobectomies, are no longer an option.
categorization. 2A refers to tumors that are smaller