Common Cold and Influenza - What You Need to Know

The common cold is a term often used by patients inmajor complication of a cold is the secondary
different ways, usually referring to symptoms ofbacterial infection to the ears, nose, sinuses, bronchi
upper respiratory infections. Most specifically, theor lungs.
term means afebrile, infectious acute coryza. MoreTreatment for the common cold includes good fluid
broadly, the term refers to acute upper respiratoryintake, rest, prevention of chilling, a quantity of nasal
infection and terms such as rhinitis, pharyngitis,decongestants, bronchodilators and expectorants as
laryngitis, chest cold and so on distinguish the sites ofneeded. Gargles of warm salt water soothes the
the major symptoms. These symptoms are nasalsore throat, aspirin relieves the general constitutional
discharge and obstruction, sore throat, sneezing,symptoms. The use of disposable tissues and their
malaise, feverishness, chilliness and often headachehygienic disposal, covering of the mouth when
and muscular pains.coughing, and avoidance of crowding are offered as
As the cold progresses, a cough usually appears. Thethe way of prevention.
symptoms last from five days up to two weeks. IfThe most uncomfortable and dangerous upper
there is significant fever or more severe symptomsrespiratory tract infection is produced by the Group
with the respiratory symptoms, then we are noA streptococcus. This type of infection is
longer dealing with a common cold but with one ofcharacterized by the abrupt onset of sore throat,
the other acute upper respiratory infections. Overchilly sensations, temperature elevations, headache
one hundred different viruses are known to produceand general malaise. Children may experience acute
the symptoms of the common cold. And about tenabdominal pain, nausea and repeated vomiting during
percent of colds seem simultaneously associated withthe acute phase of the infection.
more than one virus. Allergic conditions affecting theThe pharynx is diffusely reddened; the tonsils and
nose can also mimic the symptoms of a cold.the tonsillar nodes beneath the angles of the
Colds are highly contagious and patients shed virusmandible enlarge; the uvula becomes edematous. A
for approximately two days before the symptomspatchy or confluent secretion covers the tonsils and
appear and during the first part of their symptomaticthe pharynx. Individuals who are not immune to the
phase. Colds exist among fifteen per cent of theexotoxin of the Group A streptococcus are likely to
working population during the winter. Three waves ofdevelop the typical rash of scarlet fever, hence the
colds appear in the United States yearly, the fall justface becomes flushed.
after school re-opens, in midwinter and in spring. The